Elderly Driving Has Become An Epidemic - 1184 Words

Millions of people drive each day, some heading to work, some to vacation destinations, some to entertainment, and some just for fun. Within these millions, there are all types of drivers; aggressive, passive, new, experienced, and elderly to name a few. The elderly comprise of more than 40 million people age 65 and older in the United States and of those 40 million, 34 million are licensed drivers (NHTSA). Elderly driving has become an alarming subject throughout many communities in the United States as it concerns the safety and health of themselves as well as other drivers. One article shares, as 80-year-old Daniel was driving to the grocery store one day, he ran over a curb and hit a trash can. Luckily he was not hurt and his car suffered only minor scratches. Although unscathed, Daniel was emotionally distraught having almost hit a young woman waiting at the bus stop (Older Drivers). This story as well as many others has triggered a crucial debate about the rights and well-bein g of senior drivers. Most people believe these older drivers should have an age restriction determining when they should and should not be able drive. However, getting older does not mean people lose all capability to drive. In opposition, driving and health tests should be required at the age of 65 to prove they are capable of safe driving rather than revoking their licenses. As most people believe, older drivers should be revoked from their driver’s license but the age to do so has yet to beShow MoreRelatedBanning the Use of Cell Phones While Driving Should Be Mandatory Nationwide671 Words   |  3 Pagesaudience of the dangers of using cellphones while driving and convince the audience why it is essential to ban use of cellphones while driving should be mandatory nationwide C. Central idea: with increased use of technology and more specifically cellphones there are an increased number of accidents due to distraction because of the use of cellphones while driving. Therefore, the government should pass legislation to ban cell phone usage while driving nationwide I. Introduction Cell phonesRead MoreRisk Factors for Stroke in Young Adults1635 Words   |  7 Pagesof Native Americans and African Americans respectively, have had a stroke, compared to 2.4% and 2.5% for Whites and Hispanics. A recent troubling trend has been discovered that suggests the risk of stroke is increasing for younger Americans by a small (2.8%), but significant amount (AHA, Stroke Incidence Rising para. 2). The obesity epidemic is thought to be one factor contributing to this increase. With cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke accounting for 16% of the total health care burdenRead MoreEssay On Prison Overpopulation1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthe same or similar crimes in which got them in prison in the first place. Illinois on a more local level has the most overpopulated state prison system in the entire U.S. Illinois’ overpopulation has gotten to over 150% capacity of state prisons, that being higher than any other state (Green). The state and the state’s officials are not in the dark when it comes to this topic. The state has been aware and working towards fixing this problem for almost 100 years (Whitman). But in those 100 yearsRead MoreSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Essay example1705 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Substance abuse in the elderly exists just as in any other population. Many seniors develop substance abuse problems due to circumstances or situations due to the aging process. A report by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration indicates that 17% of adults age 60 and older are affected by alcohol abuse and abuse of legal drugs. The report also states that a third of those seniors who abuse substances didRead MoreUnderage drinking1086 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol abuse is defined as the excessive use of alcohol and alcoholic drinks. Alcohol abuse is common among all ages. Alcohol abuse affects people ranging from young adults to the elderly. Their reasoning for drinking may all differ, but they still have the same serious issue in their life. Alcohol abuse on average has become an issue among high school and college students. A study was completed by Drew Cochran Law in, â€Å"Drew Cochran Law Provides Tips on Preventing Teen Binge Drinking† he states â€Å"InRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Older Adults Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesI was surprised to hear that substance abuse is a growing epidemic among our elderly because when I think of the elderly I don’t think falling over on the floor drunk or sitting at a bar knocking drinks back. It really is an â€Å"invisible epidemic†. It was shocking to hear that because of insufficient knowledge, health care providers often overlook substance abuse among older adults and fail to diagnose them correctly. â€Å"Symptoms of substance abuse in older individuals sometimes mimic symptoms of otherRead MoreShould Driving Restrictions And Guidelines Be Stricter?1388 Words   |  6 PagesCurrently, teenagers as young as 15 or 16 are allowed to obtain a driver’s license. Usually, most teenagers are inexperienced and this could be a huge risk. Therefore, should driving restrictions and guidelines be stricter? Supporters argue that stricter driving laws should be put in place because teens tend to not only be inexperienced, but also irresponsible and prone to distractions. However, critics argue that making stricter guidelines would only make matters worse. They argue that teens gainRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Essay1860 Words   |  8 PagesKatelyn Valdovinos English 12 Acevedo 9 November 2017 Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic Does one know about the prescription drug abuse epidemic our country is currently facing? Prescription drug abuse doesn’t discriminate, as it affects people of all ages, races, genders, and socioeconomic status. So what is causing this Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic? A prescription drug also known as a pharmaceutical drug is used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Prescription Drug Abuse is knownRead MorePainkillers: a Growing Epidemic2089 Words   |  9 PagesPainkillers: A Growing Epidemic I visit my grandmother every month at her house. We relive all of the happy moments we shared when I was growing up. On my latest visit, she did not want to talk about the good times we shared, and seemed almost annoyed I was there at all. After searching around her house, I noticed an empty bottle of prescription painkillers. I remembered her telling me the last time I talked to her that she was starting to take a new prescription pain medication, but thatRead MoreDriving Cars : A New Way Transportation Essay2337 Words   |  10 Pages New innovated technology is rising for the automotive industry; self-driving cars are going to be a new way transportation. With new technology already placed in newer model cars like Honda Civics and Tesla’s Model X, for example, have accelerating and breaking without the interaction of the driver. Slowly the demand is increasing for self- driving vehicles in businesses. Since self-driving cars is going to be new for society to get accust omed to, there will be a lot of challenges in regards to

Estrangement Political Philosophy and Good Life Essay

Blake Lewis Professor Eskandari Political Science 132 December 5, 2005 Unessentially Estranged Chapter two of Glenn Tinders, Political Thinking: The Perennial Questions on estrangement and unity asks us whether we as humans are estranged in essence. This question really sets the tone for the rest of the book, because if humans are estranged then we would not be living together in societies, therefore not needing political science to answer such questions that deal with societies. As Tinder describes it, politics is the art of reconcilliation, and that the need for this art always arises from some kind of estrangement(23). Tinders point does not answer the question of whether or not we are truly estranged in essence, that†¦show more content†¦Perhaps we may say that there is an element of good even in mere living, provided that life is not excessively beset with troubles. Certainly most men, in their desire to keep alive, are prepared to face a great deal of suffering, as if finding in life itself a certain well-being and a natural sweetness . (Aristotle, Politics Book II) If man indeed is a political animal, and our commmon interest does bring us together in the hopes of having the good life or eudeamonia then it seems somewhat impossible be estranged in essence. For, by the deffinition aforementioned of being estranged man would not and certainly could not live together, and certainly not for institutions to keep those bonds strong. Afterall who in their right mind would enjoy or choose living in a state of hostility. Aristotle would almost certainly dissapprove of this version of nature. Living in a state of hostility for him would be almost a tyrannical form of life with fear as the tyrant itself. Since Aristotle ultimately approves of a Monarchy aiming at the common interest he admits that humans do suffer from feelings of estrangement but that a single outstanding man (or small group) can, through reason, render useless feelings of estrangement in a society by way of distributive justice. Meanwhile, Thomas Hobbes asserting his viewpoint of pr e-political man as a war, of every man against every man (Leviathan)Show MoreRelatedAnne Finchs Opposition to The Rape of the Lock Essay examples1412 Words   |  6 PagesAnne Finchs Opposition to The Rape of the Lock The Restoration Period (1660-1700) was a period of social, political and philosophical turmoil, which laid the foundation for future centuries. This period was marked by an advance in colonization and trade and by the birth of the Whig and Tory parties. In poetry, works of Alexander Pope and Anne Finch and a number of other poets distinguishes the Restoration. But, there are several objections from these poets; one particular opposition occurs betweenRead MoreKarl Marx And The Great Philosopher Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Berlin by his parents. Marx earned his degree in philosophy and began writing for Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal democratic newspaper. He later became their editor. Marx was a member of Young Hegelian movement which was group that criticized Christianity and the liberal resistance of the Prussian autocracy. Marx engaged in numerous revolutionary movements; However, after the failures he was driven to London in 1849. For most of his life, Marx was no t working alone. Marx worked with FriedrichRead MoreMarx And Engels s Theory Of Human Alienation Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesTruth and Ideas. He derails from Marx and Engels in the sense that Plato never believed in an â€Å"inevitable† Communist Revolution, but in a possible political revolution, needed in order to maintain moderation and avoid the clash of ideas in society. Where Marx and Engels believe in communism for the good of economy, Socrates believed in communism for the good of the government and his Republic. Marx and Engels believed that the economy during the Industrial Revolution created a mechanical system in whichRead MoreMarxism Is A Method Of Socioeconomic Analysis1495 Words   |  6 Pages Marxist analyses and methodologies have influenced multiple political ideologies and social movements, and Marxist understandings of history and society have been adopted by academics in the disciplines of archaeology, anthropology, media studies, political science, theater, history, sociology, art history and theory, cultural studies, education, economics, geography, literary criticism, aesthetics, critical psychology, and philosophy. Overview The Marxian analysis begins with an analysis of materialRead MoreMarx s Critique On Capitalism1474 Words   |  6 Pagesand found that the constant element has been production of labor. Unlike other philosophers during the Enlightenment, Marx believed that minimal characteristics of human nature played a significant role in the shaping of society. He claimed social life emerged from the process by which meditative categories enabled historical subjects to comprehend themselves. As a result, he came to the conclusion that Capitalism is â€Å"the† reason in which society rationalizes greed and self-interest not human natureRead MoreExposing Nihilism in Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky1706 Words   |  7 Pages(Waliszewski), a maverick who believes he must deliver society from mediocrity. Deluded, he murders Alyona Ivanovna, a pawnbroker, and her unsuspecting half-sister, Lizaveta. Throughout the story, Raskolnikov undergoes transformations in all facets of his life, m any of which are attributed to his infatuation with Marmeladov’s humble daughter, Sonia. Forced into prostitution, she is seen by Raskolnikov as a fellow transgressor of morality, but also as a savior that will renew him. This new development causesRead MoreList of Important Topics for Essays1583 Words   |  7 Pages(1998) 57. My philosophy in life 58. In democracy the voter of the vicious and stupid count but under any other system they might be running the show.(1997) 59 The United Nations: Its triumphs and failures since its inception (1998) 60. Estrangement from our own culture is driving us on the verge of collapse, not just our identity but out morality (2005) 61. WTO (world trade organization) and its implication for developing economies like Pakistan (1997) 62. A review of the political and economicalRead MoreLegalizing Drug Use2273 Words   |  10 Pagescitizens. Marx would believe that in my society where there are different social classes, these classes would always be in a battle with one another and will be exploiting the lower class so they can make a bigger profit. In my society where the political economy is capitalism, there will be a wide variety of incomes. Some citizens will have more smarts, others will be born into the right family, and others will have better luck which will allow these people to make more money and be in a higherRead MoreReligion And Its Effects On The World2112 Words   |  9 Pagesthings other than to love one another and to wait for a better life in the afterlife. Even if he does give some input that could be seen as valid information for politics or economy, should Catholics trust his word to make their decisions when he is not an expert in anything but Catholicism? Pope Francis is an example to Karl Marx’s theory of religion. â€Å"It is the opium of the people† (insert citation for Criticism of Hegel’s Philosophy). Syria is in constant battle in these days. It is in the midstRead MoreThe Harsh Reality: Crime and Punishment Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesand Punishment, published in 1866. He wields his knowledge of social psychology and pathology to weave the cautionary tale, borrowing liberally from his personal life. Its protagonist, Rodion Raskolnikov, is intelligent yet bitter and unfeeling, embodying the qualities of nihilism, the desertion of one or more meaningful aspects of life. The philosophical doctrine of nihilism is historically ubiquitous, particularly with the Nihilist Movement, one of Imperial Russia’s Great Reforms, and the growing

System Architecture Free Essays

string(21) " on a failure model\." We suspect that the real reason is the lack of a comprehensive, hysteretic and unifying approach to architectural design that makes the patterns In some sense comparable. Acquirement specification into a working software and hardware system and, hence, could be seen as â€Å"programming-in-the-very-large†. Since it is an accepted doctrine that mistakes when caught in the early stages are much cheaper to correct than when discovered in the late stages, good architectural system design could be of enormous economical potential. We will write a custom essay sample on System Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of this paper is to take a first step in the direction of a methodology for architectural design. Or in other words, we submit that architectural design should allow a methodology and not intuition, I. E. Should be treated as a science and not as an art. In order not to become overly ambitious, and to stay within the confines of a conference paper, we will limit ourselves to information systems as the synthesis of data base and data communication systems, with more emphasis on the former. 2 2. 1 Services Services and resources Since we claim that architectural design is the first step in a process that turns a requirements specification into a working software and hardware system, an essential ingredient of the design method is a uniform and rigorous requirements specification. Requirements is something imposed by an outside wow RL. For information systems the outside world are the business processes in some real-world organization such as industry, government, education, financial institutions, for which they provide the informational support. Figure 1 illustrates the basic idea. The counterpart of business processes in an information system are informational processes. Business processes proceed in a linear (as in Figure 1) or non-linear order of steps, and so do the informational processes. To meet its obligations, each step draws on a number of resources. Resources are infrastructural means that are not died to any particular process or business but support a broad spectrum of these and can be shared, perhaps concurrently, by a large number of processes. In an information system the resources are informational in nature. Because of their central role, resources must be managed properly to achieve the desired system goals of economy, scale, capacity and timeliness. Therefore, access to each resource is through a resource manager. In the remainder we use the term information systems in the narrower sense of a collection of informational resources and their managers. What qualifies as a resource depends on the scope of a process. For example, in decision processes the resources may be computational such as statistical packages, data warehouses or data mining algorithms. These may in turn draw on more generic resources such as database systems and data communication systems. Business Informational process 1 Process step 1 Resource manager 1 Process step 2 Process step 3 Resource manager 2 Process step 4 Resource manager 3 Process step 5 Resource manager 4 process 2 Figure 1 Business processes, informational processes and resources What is of interest from an outside perspective is the kind of support a resource may provide. Abstractly speaking, a resource may be characterized by its competence . Competence manifests itself as the range of tasks that the resource manager is capable of performing. The range of tasks is referred to as a service. In this view, a resource manager is referred to as a service provider (or server for short) and each subsystem that makes use of a resource manager as a service client (or client for short). 2. 2 Service characteristics The relationship between a client and a server is governed by a service level characteristics of the services it provides. From the viewpoint of the client the server as to meet certain obligations or responsibilities. The responsibilities can be broadly classified into two categories. The first category is service functionality and covers the collection of functions available to a client and given by their syntactical interfaces (signatures) and their semantic effects. The semantic effects often reflect the interrelationships between the functions due to a shared state. Functionality is what a client basically is interested in. The second category covers the qualities of service. These are non-functional properties that are nonetheless considered essential for the usefulness of a server to client. 2. Service qualities To make the discussion more targeted, we study what technical equal ties of service we come to expect from an information system. Ubiquity. In general, an information system includes a large – in the Internet even unbounded – number of service providers. Access to services should be unrestricted in time and space, that is, anytime between any places. Ubiquity of information services makes data communication an indispensable part of info rmation systems. Durability. Information services have not only to do with deriving new information from older information but also act as a kind of business memory. Access to older information in the form of stored data must remain possible at any time into an unlimited future, unless and until the data is explicitly overwritten. Durability of information makes database management a second indispensable ingredient of information systems. Interpretability. In an information system, data is exchanged across both, space due to ubiquity and time due to durability. Data carries information, but it is not information by itself. To exchange information, the sender has to encode its information as data, and the receiver reconstructs the information by interpreting the data. Any exchange should ensure, to the extent possible, that the interpretations of sender and receiver agree, that is, that meaning is preserved in space and time. This requires some common conventions, e. G. , a formal framework for interpretation. Because information systems and their environment usually are only loosely coupled, the formal framework can only reflect something like a best effort. Best-effort interpretability is often called (semantic) consistency. Robustness. The service must remain reliable, I. E. Guarantee its functionality and qualities to any client, under all circumstances, be they errors, disruptions, failures, incursions, interferences. Robustness must always be founded on a failure model. You read "System Architecture" in category "Papers" There may be different models for different causes. For example, a service function must reach a defined state in case of failure (failure resilience), service functions muss t only interact in predefined ways if they access the same resource (conflict resilience), and the effect of a function must not be lost once the function came to a Security. Services must remain trustworthy, that is, show no effects beyond the guaranteed functionality and qualities, and include only the predetermined clients, n the face of failures, errors or malicious attacks. Performance. Services must be rendered with adequate technical performance at given cost. From a client’s perspective the performance manifests itself as the response time. From a whole community of clients the performance is measured as throughput. Scalability. Modern information systems are open systems in the number of both, clients and servers. Services must not deteriorate in functionality and qualities in the face of a continuous growth of service requests from clients or other servers. 3 Service hierarchies 3. 1 Divide-and-conquer Given a requirements specification in terms of service functionality and qualities on the one hand and a set of available basic, e. G. , physical resources from which to construct them on the other hand, architectural design is about solving the complex task of bridging the gap between the two. The time -proven method for doing so is divide-and conquer which recursively derives from a given task a set of more limited tasks that can be combined to realize the original task. However, this is little more than an abstract principle that still leaves open the strategy that governs the decomposition. Higher-level responsibility arrive functionality qualities composition: assemble higher-level responsibility decomposition: divide higher-level lower-level responsibilities Figure 2 Divide-and-conquer for services We look for a strategy that is well-suited to our service philosophy. Among the various strategies covered in [Est.] the one to fit the service philosophy best is the assignment of responsibilities. In decomposing a larger task new smaller tasks are defined, that circumscribe narrower responsibilities within the original responsibility (Figure 2). If we follow Section 2. 2, a responsibility no matter what its range is always fined in terms of a service functionality and a set of service qualities. Hence, the decomposition results in a hierarchy of responsibilities, I. E. Services, starting from the semantically richest though least detailed service at the root and progressing downwards to ever narrower but more detailed services. The inner nodes of the hierarchy can be interpreted as resource managers that act as both, service providers and service clients. 3. 2 Design hypothesis All we know at this point is that decomposition follows a strategy of dividing responsibilities for services. Services encompass functionality and a large number of laity-of-s ervice (So) parameters. This opens up a large design space at each step. A design method deserves its name only if we impose a certain discipline that restricts the design space at each step. The challenge now is to find a discipline that both, explains common existing architectural patterns, and systematically constructs new patterns if novel requirements arise. We claim that the service perspective has remained largely unexplored so that any discipline based on it is as yet little more than a design hypothesis. Our method divides each step from one level to the next into three parts. Functional decomposition. This is the traditional approach. We consider service functionality a a primary s criterion for decomposition. Since the original service requirements reflect the needs of the business world, the natural inclination is to use a pure top-down or stepwise must decide whether, and if so how, the functionality should be further broken up into a set of less powerful obligations and corresponding service functionalities to which some tasks can be delegated, and how these are to be combined to obtain the original functionality. However, the closer we come to the basic resources the more hose will restrict our freedom of design. Consequently, at some point we may have to reverse the direction and use stepwise composition to construct a more powerful functionality from simpler functionalities. Propagation of service qualities. Consider two successive levels in the hierarchy and an assignment of So- parameters to the higher-level service, we now determine which service qualities should be taken care of by the services on the upper and lower levels. Three options exist for each quality. Under exclusive control the higher-level service takes sole responsibility, I. E. , does not propagate the quality any further. Under partial control it shares the responsibility with some lower-level service, I. E. , passes some So aspects along. Under complete delegation the higher-level service ignores the quality altogether and entirely passes it further down to a lower-level service. For partial control or complete delegation our hope is that the various qualities passed down are orthogonal and hence can be assigned to separate and largely independent resource managers. Priority of service qualities. Among the service qualities under exclusive or partial control, choose one as the primary quality and refine the decomposition. Our hope is that the remaining qualities exert no or only minor influences on this level, I. E. , are orthogonal to the primary quality and thus can be taken care of separately. Clearly, there are interdependencies between the three parts so that we should expect to iterate through them. 4 4. 1 Testing the design hypothesis Classical 5-layer architecture Even though it is difficult to discern from the complex architecture of today’s relational DB’S, most of them started out with an architecture that took as its reference the well-published 5-layer architecture of System R [Sass, Chic]. Up to hose days the architecture is still the backbone of academic courses in database system implementation (see, e. G. , [HERR]). As a first test we examine whether our design hypothesis could retroactively explain this (centralized) architecture. 4. 1. 1 Priority on performance We assume that the DB’S offers all the service qualities of Section 2. 3 safe ubiquity, the relational data model in its SQL appearance. As noted in Section 2. 3, durability is the raisin d’ ©tree for DB’S. Durability is first of all a quality that must be guaranteed on the level of physical resources, by non- volatile storage. Let’s assume that durability is delegated all the way down to this level. Even after decades durability is still served almost exclusively by magnetic disk storage. If we use processor speed as the yardstick, the overwhelming bottleneck, by six orders of magnitude, is access latency, which is composed of the movement of the mechanical access mechanism for reaching a cylinder and the rotational delay until the desired data block appears under the read/write head. Consequently, performance dwarfs all other service qualities in importance on the lowest level. Considering the size of the bottleneck and the fact that performance is also an issue or the clients, it seems to make sense to work from the hypothesis that performance is the highest-priority quality across the entire hierarchy to be constructed. 4. 1 . 2 Playing off functionality versus performance Since we ignore for the time being all service qualities except performance, our design hypothesis becomes somewhat simplified: There is a single top-priority quality, and because it pervades the entire hierarchy it is implemented by partial control. The challenge, then, is to find for each level a suitable benchmark against which to evaluate performance. Such a benchmark is given by an access profile, that is a sequence of operations that reflects, e. G. , average behavior or high-priority requests. We refer to such a benchmark as data staging. More expressive data model data staging data model Id wider usage context access profile resource manager I less expressive narrower Figure 3 Balancing functionality and performance on a level Consequently, our main objective on each level is determining a balance of functionality and data staging. As Figure 3 illustrates, the balancing takes account of a tandem of knowledge. On the way down we move from more to less expressive data models and at the same time from a wider context, I. E. More global knowledge of prospective data usage, to a narrower context with more localized knowledge of data usage. The higher we are in the hierarchy, the earlier can we predict the need for a data element. Design for performance, then, means to put the predictions to good use. Based on these abstractions we are indeed able to explain the classical architecture. We start with the root whose functionality is given by the relational model and SQL. The logical database structure in the form of relations is imposed by the clients. We also assume an access profile in terms of a history of operations on the logical database. We compress the access profile into an access density that expresses the probability of Joint use of data elements within a given time interval. The topmost resource manager can now use the access density to rearrange the data elements into sets of Jointly accessible elements. It then takes account of performance by translating queries against the relational database to those against the rearranged, internal database. The data model on this internal level could very well still be relational. But since we have to move to a less expressive data model, we leave only he structure relational but employ duple operators rather than set operators. Consequently, the topmost resource manager also implements the relational operators by programs on sets of tepees. What is missing from the access density is the dynamics – which operations are applied to which data elements and in which order. Therefore, for the next lower level we compress the access profile into an access pattern that reflects the frequency and temporal distribution of the operations on data elements. There is a large number of so-called physical data structures tailored to different patterns – or combined associative and sequential access. The resource manager on this level accounts for performance by assigning suitable physical structures to the sets of the internal data model. The data model on the next lower level provides a library of physical data structures together with the operators for accessing them. It is not all clear how to continue from here on downwards because we have extracted all we could from the access profile. Hence we elect to change direction and start from the bottom. Given the storage devices we use physical file management as provided by operating systems. We choose a block-oriented file organization because it makes the least assumptions about subsequent use of the data and offers a homogeneous view on all devices. We use parameter settings to influence performance. The parameters concern, among others, file size and dynamic growth, block size, block placement, block addressing (virtual or physical). To lay the foundation for data staging we would like to control physical proximity: adjacent block numbering should be equivalent to minimal latency on sequential, or (in case of RAID) parallel access. The data model is defined by classical file management functions. The next upper level recognizes the fact that on the higher levels data staging is in terms of sets of records. It introduces its own version of sets, namely segments. These are defined on pages with a size equal to block size. Performance is controlled by the strategy that places pages in blocks. Particularly critical to performance is the assumption that record size is much lower than page size so that a page contains a fairly large number of records. Hence, under the best of circumstances a page transfer into main memory results in the transfer of a large number of Jointly used cords. Buffer management gives shared records a much better chance to survive in main memory. The data model on this level is terms of sets of pages and operators on these. This leaves Just the gap to be closed between sets of records as they manifest themselves in the physical data structures, and sets of pages. Given a page, all records on the page can be accessed with main memory speed. Since each data structure reflects a particular pattern of record operations, we translate the pattern into a strategy for placing Jointly used records on the same page (record clustering). The physical data resource manager places or retrieves records on or from pages, respectively. How to cite System Architecture, Papers

Rascal Flatts - Rascal Flatts free essay sample

A few weeks ago I purchased the self-titled album Rascal Flatts. Thiswell-known country trio has been heard on radio stations across the country,which is how I learned about them. There are a lot of good songs, including:Everyday Love, While You Loved Me, One GoodLove, and Its Not Just Me. I had never heard most ofthe songs before I bought the CD, but I soon began to like them, too. Thegroup has great pizzazz and brings a different beat to the country-music scene.Another good aspect is that they arent depressing like many country artists.Ill admit some of their songs are depressing, but even those soundgood. One of my favorites is While You Loved Me, which is amore traditional country song, but not boring. It starts out slowly and works itsway into a good beat. Another great song is One Good Love, which Ilike because it has more of a bluegrass feel. We will write a custom essay sample on Rascal Flatts Rascal Flatts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also has some great guitarduets. It may start out simple, but it works its way into a nice littleparty. If you want to diversify your CD collection, I think you will enjoythe self-entitled CD by Rascal Flatts.

Catcher in the Rye Manifesto Essay Example

Catcher in the Rye Manifesto Paper In The Rye is my favorite book. I have read It more than any other work of literature, and Im a literature major. I have read classic upon classic, but no other work has captured me the way Catcher has managed to. In the light of J. D. Challengers death many of my friends have, upon my recommendation, endeavored to read the famous work. To my dismay, most have returned with the response, I dont get it, or I cant say I liked it, and perhaps I should have given them forewarning. Catcher is not in any way a feel good book. The result after reading it is not a sense of satisfaction. In fact, it leaves the reader feeling somewhat the same way the main character, Holder, ends up, which Is a bit broken and confused, unsure of the future and what to make of It all. In the end Holder Is in a Psychiatric facility where a psychoanalyst asks him if Hess going to apply himself when he goes back to school. Holders response is, Its such a stupid question, in my opinion. I mean how do you know what youre going to do until you do it This single line sums up the entire feel of the book. Holder doesnt know what he will do, what he wants to do, he is perpetually at a loss to his place In the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Catcher in the Rye Manifesto specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Catcher in the Rye Manifesto specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Catcher in the Rye Manifesto specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The story does not follow the traditional fiction arch either. This arch seeks to move a character or situation from one state to another to effect change, basically where the story builds to a dramatic high note and resolves in a nice tidy bow. Actually, the story is remarkably one note. It is not really a story in any The Art of Fiction sort of way it is what I would call simply A moment. It is a tale of a sixteen-year-old boy, who despite his status being white, male, strait, sophisticated, and rich, does not fit into the asses world around him. From the very beginning Holder Is cast as the wanderer, the loner, an Isolated Individual. He has been kicked out of yet another school, and does not yet belong at home. The setting of the story Is what happens when a young boy is cast off into the world and left to his own devices with no responsibility and no attachments. Holders character is complex, and the reader develops a sort of love hate relationship with him. On one hand he lies, uses foul language, gets poor grades, is sometimes irrational, and on the other hand he is sensitive, smart, cares for others, respects women, and seeks to preserve innocence. While some may call him an unreliable narrator, one cannot help but share In his particular view of the world. When reading catcher you feel as If youre In on the real story. Its a unique relationship the reader has with Holder. Its as if you are getting to read his Journal. He shares everything, not Just telling you what he does, but what he really thinks. He tells you all the stuff nobody ever says out loud. He tells you the truth of how he sees things, and In that there is credibility. There are other reasons the book holds appeal for me, and so many others. The spirit of the book is much the name as the American Split, young, defiant, truth loving. It Is a modern version of Tom Sawyer or Hack Finn. Holders character also appeals to people because he is able to rebel and get away with it, in a way that in reality, most of us feel we never could. Part of the appeal is the fantasy of being a rebel with out a cause. A reviewer has described the book as Emotional without being sentimental, dramatic without being melodramatic, and honest without simply being obscene. Holder Is confused about his place In the large scheme of things and continues to speak to and for those no Tell ten same way. Basically ten summary Is you nave a CIO, won Is unhappy with life and the way the world works, and he doesnt really know why, but he knows he doesnt really fit in. He doesnt really care about the things other people care about football games, school, or the future. He sees these things as trivial, but its what the world says is important. So, what do you do if youre the person who cant care about what other people tell you is important Holder lives in the moment good moments, bad moments, he Just takes them as they come. He admits that sometimes he Just goes things on impulse, and he doesnt know why he does them, other than it seemed like a good idea at the time. Part of the reason people find Holders character unappealing is that he often lies to those around him, but most often he lies to protect people, to protect the delusions they have of the world. For example, the woman on the bus Mrs.. Morrow, whose son Ernie went to school at Pence. Holder thinks her son is doubtless the biggest bastard that ever went to Pence, but he tells Mrs.. Morrow what a great guy her son is, and makes up a whole flattering tale about Ernie. Another example is with his history professor Mr.. Spencer. The whole scene is Holder sitting in Spencer home, being talked to by the professor about his poor academic performance. Holder tells the reader things like I had to sit there and listen to that crap, but tells the professor lies because he doesnt want to hurt the guys feelings. Holder does not let people completely off the hook with regards to their delusions. He Judges them for it, calls them phony. Deep down he cant believe that others are not seeing the truth. He thinks they deny it, cover it up, or are really too ignorant and stupid to see the truth. He believes the closer one gets to adult DOD the more of a phony they become. That is why he wants to be the catcher in the rye, catching all the children before they go off the cliff, or rather before they loose their innocence. I can divide the world into two groups people who get Catcher In The Rye, and people who dont. Its not necessarily a negative thing to be in the latter group. It probably means you are relatively happy, content, and feel a sense of belonging. Catcher speaks to discontent, rebellion, disillusionment. Its rawness is the rawness of one laid open without shame.

High Noon essays

High Noon essays How are Close ups used in High Noon? Close ups are used in the film to show and create tension, to show the importance of objects and the feelings of, and to detail the characters. For example, the chair that miller was convicted in is frequently shown throughout the film. By shooting a close up of the chair it shows importance in the story of the film. Close ups of characters in the film were of the characters head. This showed expressions quite easily to the viewer. The close ups in High Noon were used to show the expressions of the characters. This was seen in the film right at the start when Millers men were riding into town and close ups were used to show the town folks fear and shock towards the three men. Close ups were also used when a montage of shots (Juxtaposition of images showing a dynamic relationship between shots) were shown across the screen as the clock counted down to Noon. These shots emphasized the importance of the object or character in the film. Objects such as the clock, the railway station, th e chair that Miller was originally convicted in were shown inn this montage and so were all the characters thats were present in the film and had an influence on Kane. An example of an extreme close up was used in this montage as well. It was when a shot of Millers three men was put on the screen. This showed them all, waiting in anticipation, for Millers noon train to arrive. What techniques are used in High Noon to show the dilemma that Will Kane faces? The Director, Fred Zinnemann, uses a series of props and prompts in the film to show the dilemma that Will Kane, the main character, faces during the film. Zinnermann uses music throughout the film to create a sense of tension for the viewer. The lyrics to the song relate to what actually happens in the movie, and when a viewer listens to them, he or she may think that Will Kane may be i...

Second paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Second paper - Essay Example It, however, on occasion, continues the noble nuances of chivalrous love, but it is still fundamentally a genuine human sentiment, encompassing physical desire, sensuality, eroticism, and sexual attraction, on the one hand, and commitment, affection, gentleness, and personal emotion, on the other. And the search for love is, as Boccaccio expresses in the Fourth Day, a vital element of human life. Per se, it is never wrong, humiliating, or immoral to love because it is one of the most important elements of life’s natural order; seeking love is a natural instinct, wherein it is somewhat correct and appropriate to take a passionate and uninhibited pleasure. Such is Boccaccio’s personal belief expressed in the book’s Conclusion, in response to the allegation of decadence or immorality. Love stories are never immoral; love is a natural instinct, and is totally healthy; if these stories upset the mind, then that mind is ill. Boccaccio likens it to wine, which is perfect for the hale and hearty person, and damaging only to the sick; and to weapons and firearms, which are useful tools when correctly used, and immoral or destructive if misused. Therefore, the search for love in the Decameron is at liberty, free from fake humility, hypocrisy, prejudice, doubts of conscience, and guilt. Love is an honest, straightforward, and unrestrained emotion that manifests itself completely and liberally, a desirable, appealing emotion to which no one is invulnerable, and which thus recognizes not any of the false prohibitions and constraints which modern society tries to inflict on it. Boccaccio argues that it is correct and unavoidable tha t the search for love will transgress and ignore social norms every time they force to contradict the genuine expression of

Ethical Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Development - Essay Example Either way it is a stage that we all go through. For me, even with all the identity crisis, this stage was a learning process. My adolescence development was a success because of the immense support given by my parents and siblings. I am biologically mature and psychologically prepared to face the adulthood life challenges. During this time I learnt that honesty is a virtue. With the confusion of identity discovery, I learnt that doing things in line with my spiritual self was good enough to reconnect me with my lost source which is important to establish an ego structure. An ego identity is essential in making a career choice (Erikson) or even marriage partner and that is what I have to realize even though I am still on a journey to establishing my career. My adolescence stage, I can say, taught me the principle of commitment and trust. Even though fidelity was achieved, trust and commitment towards what we undertake mirrors the internal fidelity within. Trusting myself has enabled me to have a healthy relationship with other people. I believe having that inner intuition and an internal guidance system wil l help in making future life choices as well as keep me safe from myself. Like other adolescents I was caught up in the tension between internal forces within me and the society expectation of me. The pressure from the society on behaving in certain ways and dressing in particular manners was too much that it made me unsure of what I really wanted. In thought, the society needs to understand that it is a stage and leave the adolescents to go through it in peace, but if that was the case, we would all be a lost generation. In reality the society tries the best way it knows to bring sanity to the individual. What they do not understand is that the adolescent stage is a cunning one and if they do not rebel, they will do whatever is said for the sake of it. This was the challenge I

Retail and Channel Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Retail and Channel Management - Assignment Example Typical channel marketing methods used include direct selling or selling through a reseller. The act of retailing comes in when a producer delivers goods to consumers through a reseller. Delivery of goods from the production premises to the market goes through some stages involving different parties. The typical steps of a supply chain start with the delivery of goods from the producer to a wholesaler. A wholesaler buys goods from the producer in large quantities only to sell them to the retailers. A retailer comes in at the end of a supply chain where it sells goods to consumers in small quantities. A retail store may be involved is some channeling activities, which may include delivery of goods from their main store to other small outlets or to consumer environments. In the modern business arena, retail industry is growing at a tremendous pace. Recent commerce statistics shows that the retail industry will hit a $13 206 billion by the year 2015. Just like any other business and marketing concepts, the acts of retailing and channeling require management services. This brings us to the context of retail and channel management. All management activities involve the process of planning, organizing, leading, directing and controlling the involved processes. According to Neelesh (2008), the process of retail and channel management entails the acts of planning, organizing and directing the delivery and supply of goods from the retail stores to the end users. Retail management refers to all the integrated processes which facilitate procurement of the desired goods and services by a consumer. Retail management incorporates the management and marketing concepts in achieving the goal of effective provision and delivery of goods to the end users. An efficient retail management exercises accomplish the result of making customers’ shopping experience exciting. According to Nicholas (2005) & Gary (2005), channel

The Role Of Ethics In Education

The Role Of Ethics In Education The lifestyle of a human being is closely bound with ethical values unlike other organisms living on this planet. This highlights the importance of embracing ethics on our day today activities. According to the New Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary ethics is defined as the moral principles that control or influence a persons behaviour. In other words as mentioned in an article appeared originally in Issues in ethics IIE V1 N1 (Fall 1987), ethics is two things. First ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness or specific virtues. Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of ones ethical standards. As a person moulding the younger generation, a teacher has to act as a role model to protect the honour, culture and the discipline of the school while achieving educational goals with success due to sheer dedicated service to the teaching profession. Th erefore it is quite obvious that ethics play a major role in the teaching career. There are several ethical rules to be followed for a good moral conduct. To elaborate more on this topic, I have chosen two standards taken from the teaching of ethics of Graduate School at Penn State. At first, I wish to discuss about fairness or impartiality which is one of the most challenging codes of ethics a teacher can possess. It is extremely important to act neutral while judging the performance of a student because being biased towards some students may hurt and lower the self-esteem of other students. Fairness: Recognizing the inherent subjectivity involved in grading, instructors ought to ensure that their grading practices are as objective as possible by creating and adhering to unambiguous criteria.(From the teaching ethics of Graduate School at Penn State). An outstanding teacher understands that all students require equal love and attention. A teacher trying to be fair among the students will not even bother to look at the name on the top of the paper when awarding a grade for a student. Next, let me discuss about showing respect to the others. Respect can be defined as the consideration of self and of others. Teachers and the whole department of academic and non-academic staff work as a team no matter where they come from. Hence being respectful to each other makes a well-oiled team which in turn strengthens the unity of the school. Further, respecting the views and ideas of the learners may help them build their confidence in learning and sharing knowledge. Respect for Persons: Teachers ought to encourage mutual respect among students. Additionally, instructors ought to show respect and common courtesy for students both during interpersonal interactions and in responding promptly to students need for guidance and feedback. (From the teaching ethics of Graduate School at Penn State). Thus it is clear that following ethical rules is a key factor in achieving excellence not only for ones own self but also in the teaching profession as well.. B) As a potential teacher, I see myself as a valuable person capable of delivering a mammoth service to the humankind. My roles include not only teaching but several other aspects as well. Meeting the needs of the learners through effective teaching strategy is my topmost priority. But on several occasions my roles differ from time to time according to the given situation. Sometimes I will have to be a planner with a suitable teaching plan to make the learners understand the lessons better. Sometimes as an assessor ,monitoring and evaluating the students providing appropriate feedback. Next a facilitator supporting and guiding the students to learn on their own, an information provider, conveying knowledge, a resource developer, managing the available resources and a role model capable of influencing a learners attitudes and behaviours. To compare my roles with two other professionals in my organization, I would like to choose a sports coach and a professional school counsellor in th is regard. A sports coach is a professional who works in the school. He/she is responsible for training athletes while understanding the different skills of each individual separately. These include diet plans, training sessions, physical examinations etc. My role as a teacher shows some similarities with the roles of a sports coach such as being a mentor, adviser, supporter and motivator, dissimilarity being that it is done in a more academical context. Examination of the calorie intake and physical fitness do not necessarily include in my roles as a teacher. A professional school counsellor is someone who counsels the students with a genuine heart to solve the problems of them, be it academic or personal. A teacher also plays a role as a counsellor looking into the affairs of the students when they confide in them, dissimilarity being that the teacher might not have a professional training on counseling whereas a professional counsellor must have had. Hence a teacher relies on logical analysis and personal experience in solving problems during counselling. In some instance they may require help from others too. Its important to note that although different professionals work together in a school, everyone should understand their professional roles and invest their maximum effort in succeeding them. C) Teams comprising individuals working together towards a common goal while holding themselves accountable for the team output is known as teamwork. The most valued advantage of teamwork is its efficiency. In team, the work often gets done faster thus saving a lot of time. This is because large tasks are organized into smaller assignments and divided among the team members equally while sorting out the individuals best suited for the job. While working in a team, each individuals unique skills and ideas gets combined effectively and put to usage to produce the desired outcome. These combined skills lead to an increase in creativity. Hence this helps in strengthening the team unity and the team spirit. The team members will also develop a sense of responsibility since they depend on each other for success. Sharing ideas with one another and relying on others feedback gives a better team output close to perfection. While responsible team members invest sufficient time and effort, the low productivity of some members due to lack of commitment and dedication is a setback to the whole team. In some instances, this may cause resentment and a rift between the teammates. Hence a better output is not expected. Some members delay their portion of work. This will not help in finishing the task on time. Contrasting personal styles and difficulty in accepting ideas which differ from their own can result in clashes between the team members thus reducing the efficiency of teamwork. To understand team work better, Bruce Tuckman first came up with a theory called forming, storming, norming and performing in 1965. Later, he added a fifth stage called adjourning. Working individually is completing the given tasks on your own without the help of the others. When working individually, we get to think independently and incorporate our ideas into the task. Hence it develops our hidden potentials. Since there are no intruders, conflicts may not arise. Hence the speed and clarity could be an added advantage. Even the laziest person is put to work here thus giving an opportunity to shoulder responsibilities. The disadvantages of working individually include possible chances of having errors since the task is not checked by the others, no room for variations and a combination of creative thoughts, occurence of some doubts regarding the accuracy of the task and the possible chance of socialization getting hampered. Its important to understand that some activities in the school like the sports meet, prize giving and shramadana campaigns are best done in teams while maintenance of registers, library book keeping system and lab experiments are best done individually. D) Interpersonal relationships are social associations or connections between two or more people. In an organization such as the school, basically there are three types of interpersonal relationships. They are: student-teacher, teacher-parent and teacher-teacher relationships. It is vital to maintain a healthy interpersonal relationship with the others. The student-teacher relationship is a very special one. The teacher should be able to understand the learners and help them out. This is only possible if there was a healthy relationship among the students and the teacher. The teacher-teacher relationship is also equally important because the teacher might decide on lesson plans and strategies according to the feedback and the advice given by their colleagues. Further, planning on several occasions which are to be held at school could be done if the teacher-teacher relationship is healthy. To advice and talk about the short commings of a student, a healthy teacher-parent relationship is required. These types of positive interpersonal relationships can further develop the roles of a teacher while magnifying its effects several times. Sometimes the above mentioned interpersonal relationships end up in conflicts if there was no understanding between the two parties. Due to the uneasiness prevailing among the two parties, the activities meant to be carried out together may not be completed to perfection thus affecting the school as well. The teachers might also not be able to concentrate on their work and may feel restless. This will have a great impact on their professional role. Hence a teacher should be wise and tactful in handling different types of interpersonal relationships so that it may only bring out a positive improvement in their professional role.

Cross-cultural Funeral Service Rituals Essay -- Participant Observatio

As a family member participant in the service, little field preparation was needed. However, the observer did complete the following tasks in preparation for the observation: 1. Reviewed the following resources on participant/non participant observation, ethnography, and the sociology of the African American funeral: Merriam, S. B. (2009). Being a careful observer. Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation, ch, 6 and Hazell, L. (2013). Cross-Cultural funeral service rituals. 2. Visited the church to review size, space, objects, and arrangement. 3. Selected a small note pad to record notes. 4. Secured a program on January 18, night before service to review. 5. Prepared a list of possible questions and areas to consider in observing. 6. Arrived at church early to be sure to get a seat in an appropriate location for observation. Field Note Taking Process The participant/observer/recorder for the funeral service of Lorena White. The observer used a small note pad and the provided funeral program to take notes. The program was gotten and reviewed the night before the service and used to record anecdotal jotting as the service progressed. The advance review of the program helped in being able to jot down appropriate content rapidly and inconspicuously. It also alerted the observer to look and listen for particular phenomena and events in the service. The note pad contained previously determined observer questions and areas to be used to help determine â€Å"what is transpiring here?† The program was the more efficient for recording in this setting. Upon entering the church the observer selected the seat she considered to be most obscure and which would allow her to visually view the most area while still ... ...es of the other participants, nor did it jeopardized the validity of the data collected and conclusions reached. This field experience certainly allowed the observer to begin to draw preliminary connections to her personal research interest based on what was learned about covert observation, note taking, ethnography study, and qualitative research. â€Æ' Works Cited Hazell, L. (2013). Cross-cultural funeral service rituals. Retrieved from http://www.funeralwise.com/customs/cross-cultural-funerals/#sthash.OeUEeixE.dpuf Kawulich, B. (2005). Participant observation as a data collection method. Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6(2). Retrieved from http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0502430 Merriam, S. B. (2009). Being a careful observer. Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.