The Rise of Public Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Rise of Public Education - Essay Example If any schooling was required, learning was best through father and son interaction. The system of education for the citizens (the professionals) is to learn under a reputable master, through experience, observation and experimentation. The best students are to progress on to higher learning. Aristotle, like Plato, believed that learning by experience is the better, and preferred, teaching method. They differ, however, on the government’s role. For Plato, government intervention begins when the citizen performs military or civil service at the age of twenty-five. Aristotle believed in a broader role for government. He proposed that children be commonly instructed, in publicly provided places, by government-appointed teachers. (Rit Nosotro) Americans assume that there have always been public schools in the US. Public education presupposes equal access for all, and converges with the democratic ideals that created the republic. Contrary to public belief, there was no public school system set up when the American Revolution triumphed. The people did not place the provision of education in the hands of government. There is even no mention of education in the Constitution. (Blumenfield 1999) American education historians consider the New England colonies of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire as the cradle of public education. Seventeenth century New England towns maintained common schools for children to learn to read. These common schools however differ from the present-day public schools because attendance was not compulsory, they were not publicly funded, and the more prevalent forms of learning was through private tutors and parents. Nevertheless, the New England common schools are considered as the precursor of public schools because law required them. Massachusetts had a law in 1647 that required providing education. Insuring that children learn to read and write were required for towns that had fifty

In what ways does the newspaper media presentation of young black men Essay

In what ways does the newspaper media presentation of young black men affect the self perception of the young people themselves - Essay Example Similarly, the entertainment media have willingly received their prompt from the members of the press, and these inaccurate representations not merely shape race relations but also generate a self-fulfilling prophecy for young black males, whose limitations of achievement can be fixed for them by presentations in the media (Johnson, Adams, Hall, & Ashburn 1997). A widespread stereotype about young black males is that they take part in substance abuse in uneven numbers. Other widespread detrimental stereotypes portrayed in mass media involve the young black male as a drug addict and criminal; there is also a persistent depiction of the young black male intellectually inadequate (Larson 2005). An individual who carries the dishonour of group membership should be equipped for its incapacitating consequences. Studies suggest that young black males are aware that they are denounced as being cognitively inadequate and that they go to school carrying a ‘burden of suspicion’ (Larson 2005: 42), as it is referred to as by psychologist Claude Steele. Such a burden can influence their achievement, attitudes, and perception of their selves (Larson 2005). Likewise, studies discovered that when college men are admonished that their group is regarded inferior at math, their academic performance may realise this prophecy (Markowitz & Jones-Brow n 2000). These stereotypes stay with stigmatised individuals regardless of their accomplishments or status. They should remain vigilant and put up with an extra burden that may impinge on their self-esteem, ambitions, and performance. These stereotypes have the capability of depriving them of their individuality and weaken their efforts to escape from stigmatised roles (Markowitz & Jones-Brown 2000). Even though Black news journalists and principal characters have been steadily growing in number, the significant majority of decision makers in the media remain